ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1945 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY 1945 IN TWO PARTS PART 1 Vol. 1 f * UNI GOVERN ENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1946 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price $2.50 (cloth binding) __ ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY 1945 III REPORT of THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, Washington, D. C., October 31, 1945. Subject: Annual Report. To: The Secretary of War. I present for your information the following report on river and harbor, flood-control, and allied operations under the charge of the Corps of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945. These operations, which are in addition to the military construction, sup- ply, and training programs of the Corps, contributed materially to the victorious conclusion of the wars. APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES During the fiscal year 1945 net funds made available to the De- partment for river and harbor operations amounted to $47,818,- 573.43 and for flood-control operations $85,007,000, a total of $132,825,573.43. The expenditures from the available funds, in- cluding the balances on hand at the beginning of the fiscal year, amounted to $133,533,184.74, of which $57,145,900.96 was for river and harbor work and allied operations and $76,387,283.78 for flood-control and related work. New work was completed on 5 river and harbor and flood-control projects, materially advanced on 17 other projects, and maintenance operations were in progress on 330 projects. Indicative of the scope of the year's operations is the following tabulation setting forth the approximate quantities in the major work classifications: Dredging and excavation ----- ______________cubic yards__ 244, 662, 100 Levee construction ------------------------------ do 58, 142, 500 Rock removal ---------------------------------- do 68, 300 Concrete placed --------- do-.... 79, 500 Dikes and bulkheads ------------------------ linear feet__ 1, 424, 600 Revetment ------------------ ------------------- do 422, 100 Stone placed in jetties and breakwaters ------------ tons _ 507, 600 Embankment ___________------ ---________cubic yards__ 2, 358, 100 2 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 The policy of the Department to have work performed by con- tract, except when the best interests of the United States require hired labor operations, has been followed during the year, 39 per- cent of all work performed having been done by contract and 61 percent by Government plant and hired labor. The continuation of an adequate check on the cost of work performed on river and harbor and flood-control projects has ,been maintained. Summary results of these efforts are reflected throughout this report. ACCIDENT PREVENTION A very substantial reduction in accidental deaths and injuries was effected through the application of comprehensive accident prevention to all new work, operations, and maintenance. In terms of specific economic return this represents a reduction of 64 per- cent in productive days lost due to accidents. RIVERS AND HARBORS Program.-The present program for Federal improvement of rivers and harbors- for navigation and allied purposes as author- ized by Congress includes projects located throughout the conti- nental United States, Puerto Rico, Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands, there being approximately 1,100 projects now actively in force. The River and Harbor Act approved March 2, 1945, Public Law No. 14, Seventy-ninth Congress, adopted 292 new or modifi- cations of existing river and harbor projects, the estimated cost of the work involved being about $382,000,000. The total esti- mated cost of completing all authorized river and harbor projects presently deemed necessary in the interest of commerce and navi- gation is about $581,500,000. Surveys have also been completed on additional river and harbor projects, the estimated cost of the recommended work being in excess of $2,000,000,000, thus making a total backlog of authorized and recommended river and harbor projects of over $2,500,000,000. Planning.-Advance planning of river and harbor projects is being prosecuted, as rapidly as possible consistent with the need for other work, under an appropriation of $4,000,000 provided in the Second Deficiency Appropriation Act approved July 5, 1945. Examination, survey, and review studies authorized in the in- terest of navigation and related purposes were prosecuted during the year. A summary of this work is set forth under the heading of "Surveys" and in the Report of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. Navigation operations.-Improvement operations were carried out on 16 regular river and harbor projects of which one, Arecibo Harbor, Puerto Rico, was completed. Maintenance operations were performed on 280 projects including the numerous coastal ports, harbors, and connecting channels on the Great Lakes, and the extensive Intracoastal Waterway and Mississippi River net- work, together with the operation and care of the canalized Ohio River system, Illinois Waterway, and Upper Mississippi River. RIVERS AND HARBORS 3 In conformity with the national policy limiting wartime con- struction in order to conserve manpower, equipment, and mate- rials, the new work program was restricted to improvements having direct importance to the war effort. The following brief outline of new work operations includes typical examples of the improvements accomplished: New York Harbor.-New work dredging resulted in the com- pletion of Liberty Island and Red Hook Flats Anchorages to project dimensions. New York and New Jersey Channels.-Enlargementof channel facilities in Arthur Kill at the bend opposite Sewaren, N. J., to provide more adequate navigation facilities for the larger tankers engaged in the movement of petroleum and petroleum products was commenced during May with funds provided in the First Deficiency Appropriation Act approved April 25, 1945. Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea.-Removal of ledge rock to 41-foot depth in the west half of the channel on the Marcus Hook, Chester, Eddystone, and Linicum ranges was completed during November 1944. This work being required in connection with the provision of a 40-foot channel, 800 feet wide, from the sea to the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Withlacoochee River, Fla.-New work dredging and rock ex- cavation was under way to provide a navigation channel 10 feet deep and 70 feet wide between the mouth and the steam electric generating plant at Port Inglis, Fla. Gulf Intracoastal Waterway.-Construction of two floodgates at the Colorado River Crossing was completed during September 1944, while some 7,000,000 cubic yards of material were dredged throughout a length of more than 24 miles in the section of the waterway between Galveston and Corpus Christi, thus providing a continuous 12-foot or greater, protected waterway from Carra- belle, Fla., to Corpus Christi, Tex. St. Marys River, Mich.-Completion of miscellaneous features of work was accomplished during the year, and work commenced on the extension to the Southwest Pier and the reconstruction of Brady Pier. Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, Calif.-Dredging of a settling basin at the mouth of the Los Angeles River diversion channel was carried out during the early part of the year. MULTIPLE PURPOSE OPERATIONS Missouri River at Fort Peck, Mont.-Operation of the 35,000- kilowatt generating unit was continued during the major portion of the year, the total power production being 84,334,630 kilowatt- hours. The reservoir was also operated in conjunction with main- tenance dredging to maintain a 6-foot channel in the Missouri River from the mouth to Kansas City and to aid navigation on the Mississippi River, the total releases during the year being about 4,920,000 acre-feet. Storage of water in the reservoir resulted in substantial reductions in flood heights on the Missouri River dur- ing high-water periods. 4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 Columbia River at Bonneville, Oreg.-The 10 units were oper- ated during the year with only minor interruptions, the power generated amounting to 3,405,231 kilowatt-hours. WORK FOR OTHER AGENCIES In accordance with the provisions contained in section 1 of the River and Harbor Act approved June 20, 1938, stating that Federal improvement of rivers and harbors and other waterways shall be prosecuted by the War Department, the Corps of Engineers per- formed work during the year on 14 projects of a river and harbor nature not previously authorized by Congress but required in con- nection with the war effort by the Navy Department and other Government agencies, with funds transferred to the Chief of Engineers by those agencies. Expenditures on such projects amounted to $3,385,208.16. Commerce.-The water-borne commerce of the United States, Puerto. Rico, Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands, for the calendar year 1944 aggregated 605,928,000 tons. SACRAMENTO RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, CALIF. (DEBRIS CONTROL) Two of the four debris dams in the Sacramento River Valley authorized in 1935 have been completed; one on the North Fork of the American River was completed during the fiscal year 1939 and one at Upper Narrows on the Yuba River was completed in 1941. Both of these dams are in use for the storage of mining debris, the North Fork Dam having a storage capacity of 26,000,000 cubic yards and the Upper Narrows Dam a storage capacity of 118,000,000 cubic yards. Construction of the Ruck-a- Chucky Dam on the Middle Fork of the American River and the Dog Bar Dam on the Bear River has been postponed. A review report on the Sacramento River and tributaries, requested by the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representa- tives, with a view to determining whether any change should be made in the previously proposed location of the Dog Bar Dam on Bear River is under preparation. GENERAL FLOOD CONTROL The authorized general flood-control program, exclusive of the programs for the alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River and the Sacramento River, Calif., is covered in this section. The authorized programs for those two rivers are discussed in the two succeeding sections. Congress in the Flood Control Act approved June 22, 1936, es- tablished, and in the amendatory and supplemental general Flood Control Acts approved August 28, 1937, June 28, 1938, August 11, 1939, August 18, 1941, and December 22, 1944, reaffirmed the general policy that flood control throughout the United States is a proper activity of the Federal Government, in cooperation with the States and local communities, and that the Federal Govern- ment should improve or participate in the improvement of navig- GENERAL FLOOD CONTROL 5 able waters or their tributaries for flood-control purposes, if such projects are economically justified and if the lives and social security of people are otherwise adversely affected. Those acts also specified the local cooperation required for the projects au- thorized therein. These requirements of local cooperation, in brief, are as follows: (a) Dam and reservoir projects authorized in any of the afore- mentioned flood-control acts are constructed entirely at the ex- pense of the United States and are maintained and operated with the use of Federal funds. No local cooperation is required for dam and reservoir projects unless specifically prescribed by special provisions of law. ((b) For local flood-protection projects, except channel improve- ment or channel rectification projects authorized by the acts of 1936, 1937, and 1938, local interests must provide without cost to the United States all lands, easements, and rights-of-way neces- sary for the construction of the projects, hold and save the United States free from damages due to the constriction works, and maintain and operate all the works after completion in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of War. Channel improvement and channel rectification projects authorized by the acts of 1936, 1937, and 1938 are built entirely at Federal expense, and no local cooperation is required. Exceptions to these general rules are provided by law in the case of certain specific projects. The Congress, in the Flood Control Act approved December 22, 1944, stated that in connection with the exercise of jurisdiction over the rivers of the Nation through the construction of works of improvement for navigation or flood control, it is the policy of the Congress to recognize the interests and rights of the States in determining the development of the watersheds within their bor- ders, and likewise their interests and rights in water utilization and control. In conformity with this policy Congress provided that plans, proposals, or reports of the Chief of Engineers for any works of improvement for navigation or flood control not previ- ously authorized, or authorized in the Flood Control Act of De- cember 22, 1944, shall be submitted to the Congress only after these plans, proposals, or reports have been submitted to the Gov- ernors of the States concerned, or such officials or agencies of the affected State, or States, as may be designated by the Governors, and after coordination with the Secretary of the Interior, if the drainage basin under investigation is located in a State lying wholly or in part west of the ninety-seventh meridian. A policy for the development of recreation facilities in connec- tion with reservoirs under the control of the War Department was defined in the 1944 Flood Control Act, which states that the Chief of Engineers under the supervision of the Secretary of War is authorized to construct, maintain, and operate public park and recreational facilities in such reservoir areas, and to nermit the construction, maintenance, and operation of such facilities. The act further provides that the Secretary of War is authorized to grant leases of land including structures or facilities thereon in reservoir areas for such periods and upon such terms as he may deem reasonable; that the water areas of all such reservoirs shal 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 be open to public use generally without charge for boating, swim- ming, bathing, fishing, and other recreational purposes, and ready access to and exit from such water areas along the shores of such reservoir shall be maintained for general public use when such use is determined by the Secretary of War not to be contrary to the public interest. This act further provides that no use of any such area shall be permitted which is inconsistent with the laws for the protection of fish and game of the State in which the area is situated. The policy for the development of reservoirs to provide for best possible utilization of the water resources of the Nation was broadened by the 1944 Flood Control Act, which states that when- ever the Secretary of War determines upon recommendation by the Secretary of Interior that any dam and reservoir project op- erated under the direction of the Secretary of War may be utilized for irrigation purposes, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to construct, operate, and maintain under the provisions of the Federal reclamation laws such additional works in connection therewith as he may deem necessary for irrigation purposes. Such irrigation works may be undertaken only after a report and find- ings thereon have been made by the Secretary of the Interior as provided under reclamation laws and after subsequent specific authorization of the Congress (by an authorization act). The disposal of electric power and energy generated at reservoir projects under the control of the War Department, and in the opinion of the Secretary of War not required in the operation of such projects, was prescribed by the Congress in the Flood Con- trol Act approved December 22, 1944. In accordance with this legislation such electric power and energy is to be delivered to the Secretary of the Interior, who shall transmit and dispose of this power and energy in such manner as to encourage the most widespread use thereof at the lowest possible rates to consumers consistent with sound business principles, the rate schedules to become effective upon confirmation and approval by the Federal Power Commission. The legislation states that preference in the sale of such power and energy shall be given to public bodies and cooperatives. In the Flood Control Act approved December 22, 1944, Congress provided authorizations for flood control in the amount of $750,- 000,000 and approved about 150 additional projects. Thus, up to the end of fiscal year 1945, Congress had provided authorizations totaling $1,680,400,000 for the construction of approximately 650 projects dispersed throughout the United States. To June 30, 1945, Congress had provided funds in the amount of $605,742,000 for the prosecution of the general flood-control program. In addition to these authorizations Congress has approved gen- eral comprehensive plans covering most of the important river basins of the country and including many additional projects for flood control, hydroelectric power, and allied water uses. All of these projects are parts of comprehensive coordinated plans for the river basins of the Nation to provide desirable and economic flood protection and allied benefits for a large number of centers of industry and population and for many thousands of acres of GENERAL FLOOD CONTROL rich agricultural land. A number of reservoirs in the authorized program also provide favorable possibilities for the economic de- velopment of large quantities of hydroelectric power. Several of the projects now authorized include power generating machinery in the initial developments. In accordance with existing Federal policies, construction oper- ations on flood-control projects remained at a virtual standstill during the major portion of fiscal year 1945. To afford protection and related benefits to critical areas, work was continued during the year on the Jeffersonville-Clarksville, Ind., project and work was essentially completed on the Berlin and Mosquito Creek Reser- voirs, Ohio, and on the projects at East Peoria, Ill., and Tulsa and West Tulsa, Okla. By the end of June 1945, a total of 49 reservoirs and 114 local improvement projects had been placed in operation. Subsequent to the cessation of hostilities in Europe, steps were taken to place under construction certain projects essential to the public health and safety and of value to the continuing war effort. At the close of the year construction had been initiated on a project on Lytle and Cajon Creeks, San Bernardino, Calif., and work was being resumed on five local protection projects in the Ohio River Basin and on a group of levee improvement projects bordering the Mississippi River between Alton and Gale, Ill. The operation of reservoirs and maintenance work required by existing law were carried on during fiscal year 1945. Some of the partially completed flood-control projects on which construction had been suspended were operated to provide substantial flood- protection benefits, although full benefits cannot be realized until the projects are completed. In July 1944, at the beginning of the fiscal year, the streams tributary to the Missouri River in Kansas and Nebraska remained at abnormally high stages for this season of the year although the major rivers of the Mississippi River system and elsewhere in the United States had generally receded from the record flood stages reached during the spring months of 1944. Emergency repairs to flood-damaged levees and other non-Federal flood-con- trol structures in the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Trinity, Snake, and Sacramento-San Joaquin basins were under way pursuant to an act approved May 29, 1944 (Public Law No. 318), which au- thorized the amount of $12,000,000 to be appropriated as an emergency fund to be expended under the direction of the Secre- tary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers for the repair, restoration, and strengthening of levees and other flood-control works which had been damaged or destroyed by the recent floods. Other repairs were accomplished pursuant to sec- tion 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1941 which granted authority to the Department to expend $1,000,000 per year from flood- control appropriations in rescue work or in the repair or mainte- nance of flood-control works threatened or destroyed by flood. In general, essential repairs were completed prior to the start of the following flood periods, although operations were slowed by a scarcity of manpower and major construction equipment. 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 In September 1944 unusual flood conditions were experienced in the James and Roanoke River basins of Virginia and North Carolina due to excessive rains. Toward the close of 1944 flood conditions were experienced in the Los Angeles and Santa, Ana River basins in California and in the streams of Kansas and eastern Oklahoma. Major floods occurred in central California in January and February 1945. Heavy precipitation in February brought major floods to many streams in Arkansas. Operation of Nimrod Dam was effective in reducing flood stages on the lower Fourche La Fave, River. Appreciable flood reduction in the White River basin was accom- plished by storage in the Norfork Reservoir. The rapid melting of an unusual accumulation of snow on the ground in Pennsylvania and adjoining States, together with heavy rains over the Ohio River basin, raised the Ohio River above flood stage throughout its entire course by early March 1945. The 69.2-foot stage at Cincinnati, Ohio, has been exceeded only in 1773, 1884, 1913, and 1937. Loss of life, closing of coal mines, disruption of transportation, closing of many industrial plants manufacturing war materials, and flooding of homes resulted. r'ederal flood-protection projects completed by the Department at Wellsville, Ohio; Huntington, W. Va.; Ceredo-Kenova, W. Va.; Ironton, Ohio; Lawrenceburg, Ind.; Tell City, Ind.; and Shawnee- town, Ill., fully protected the inhabitants and property in these cities. Emergency works supplementing partially completed Fed- eral projects suspended during the war safeguarded lives and property in Portsmouth-New Boston, Ohio; Jeffersonville-Clarks- ville, Ind.; Paducah, Ky.; Golconda, Ill.; Brookport, Ill.; Evans- ville, Ind.; Harrisburg, Ill.; and Mounds and Mound City, Ill. Completed reservoirs in the Ohio River basin were effective in reducing the flood crests. The Ohio River flood, joined by wide- spread major floods in the Upper Mississippi. the Missouri, the Arkansas, the Red and other tributaries, raised the lower Missis- sippi to near record stages throughout its length in April and May. The Bonnet Carre spillway was operated for the protection of New Orleans. The main line levees held, greatly reducing the potential damage, but widespread losses occurred due to the failure of non-Federal levees and other structures throughout this basin, and in the river basins of east Texas. Emergency flood fighting measures undertaken by the Department were instrumental in greatly reducing loss of life and of property and delays in vital war transportation and manufacturing. As the rivers receded to normal near the close of the fiscal year, emergency repair work was undertaken pursuant to section 5 of the Flood Control Act approved August 18, 1941, the act of May 29, 1944, and similar enabling legislation enacted by the Congress and approved June 5, 1945 (Public Law No. 75, 79th Cong.) which authorized to be appropriated the sum of $12,000,000 for this work. In the fiscal year 1945 limited progress was made in the prosecu- tion of authorized examinations, surveys, and review investiga- tions for flood control and other purposes. A summary of the work accomplished is contained in the report of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, Those investigations are un- GENERAL FLOOD CONTROL dertaken in close cooperation with other Federal agencies, with the States and with local interests, in order that the recommenda- tions submitted to Congress in the reports on those investigations may contain full consideration of the views of all concerned. Those studies which are authorized primarily for flood control include also thorough studies of all other feasible water uses of the streams under consideration. The survey program of the Department was limited during the year in accordance with in- structions from higher authority to only those surveys necessary to the proper integration of basin plans. During fiscal year 1945, pursuant to the further authority for advance planning of flood-control projects granted by Congress in the provision of funds for this purpose, emphasis was placed on preparation of plans and specifications for flood-control projects subject to the primary demands of the military program. Plans were brought to completion ready for the resumption of work on a large number of projects once initiated, but suspended during the war, and for initiation of construction on many other projects in the transition and postwar periods. SACRAMENTO RIVER FLOOD CONTROL The authorized project for the control of floods and other pur- poses on the Sacramento River, Calif., as adopted by the Flood Control Acts approved March 1, 1917, May 15, 1928, August 26, 1937, and August 18, 1941, provides for the enlargement of river channels, the excavation of cut-offs, the construction of levees, weirs, bank protection and pumping facilities in the lower Sacra- mento River Valley and for channel clearing, rectification, and snagging on the Sacramento River and tributaries in Tehama County, and from Red Bluff southerly. The total estimated Fed- eral cost of the project is $40,850,000. Up to the present time Federal funds in the amount of $30,695,000 have been appropri- ated by Congress foii the prosecution of this project, including $2,050,000 at the close of the fiscal year 1945. In addition, local interests have contributed a total of approximately $6,540,000 for the construction of protective works related to the authorized project. In addition to this existing project, Congress in the Flood Con- trol Act approved December 22, 1944, as a part of the general flood-control program, authorized the modification of the existing project for the Sacramento River to provide for certain changes and extensions in levees and other structures, and for the con- struction of nine local levee and channel improvements, the Black Butte Dam and Reservoir and the low Table Mountain Dam and Reservoir with power facilities at an estimated cost of $50,100,000 for construction. The project works of the Sacramento flood-control project pro- vide protection to cities and towns, to thousands of acres of agri- cultural lands, and to railway and highway networks of great importance to the civilian economy of the western part of the United States. 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 During the fiscal year, construction was prosecuted on incom- plete levees along the Sacramento, American, and Feather Rivers, and clearing of obstructions was accomplished in Butte Slough and Sutter bypasses. FLOOD CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER Progress was made during the fiscal year 1945 on the flood- control project for the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River, adopted by the Flood Control Act approved May 15, 1928, and amended by the acts approved June 15, 1936, June 28, 1938, August 18, 1941, and December 22, 1944. The 1936 amendment retained the purpose of the 1928 act and the features completed under that authority, and authorized an additional $272,000,000 for extension of flood-control work on the lower Mississippi River. The 1938 amendment removed legislative restrictions with respect to certain features of the amended plan and authorized $40,000,000 for work in addition to that contemplated for the project as amended in 1936. The 1941 amendment provided for the abandon- ment of the Boeuf and Eudora floodways and extension and for raising main Mississippi River levees to confine within those levee lines between the mouths of the Arkansas and Red Rivers the project flood without a floodway west of the Mississippi River. That amendment also authorized certain minor modifications and backwater protection in the Yazoo and Red River backwater areas at an estimated additional cost of $25,982,000. The 1944 amend- ment modified the existing project to provide for a navigation channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide at low water between Cairo, Ill., and Baton Rouge, La., by the execution of a channel improve- ment and stabilization program at an estimated cost of $200,- 000,000, and also modified the project for flood protection in the backwater area of the Yazoo River to include additional work at an estimated cost of $1,952,000. The total authorization for the project as amended and supplemented is now $864,934,000. Of this amount $547,107,424 has been appropriated (including $30,- 000,000 for fiscal year 1945 made available by the War Department Civil Appropriation Act approved March 31, 1945). In accordance with the provision of the act approved August 18, 1941, "that funds hereafter expended for maintenance shall not be considered as reducing present remaining balances of au- thorizations," it is estimated that $48,482,513 expended for main- tenance since August 18, 1941, or scheduled for expenditure during fiscal year 1946, will not be deducted from the total author- izations for the project. With the approval of the 1938 Flood Control Act, work in the Atchafalaya Basin which had not been initiated because of legal restrictions was freed from such restrictions and placed under way. Noteworthy progress had been made on these features, namely, the Morganza Floodway, the Wax Lake Outlet, the Char- enton Drainage and Navigation Canal, and related works prior to the war and the stop order in 1942 which suspended practically all work in the Atchafalaya Basin. Urgent main river work has been prosecuted during the war and work on the tributary proj- FLOOD CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 11 ects for headwater protection of the St. Francis and Yazoo Rivers, including the construction of the Wappapello, Sardis, and Arka- butla Reservoirs, and backwater protection for the White River, had been pushed vigorously before the war within the limits of funds available for such work. Under section 6 of the 1928 act, flood-control work was under- taken on the Mississippi River between Rock Island, Ill., and Cape Girardeau, Mo., and on outlets and tributaries affected by back- waters of the Mississippi River, wherever the local contributions of one-third of the costs were provided as required by law. The Department was able to assist localities in the emergency repair of flood-control works on tributaries of the Mississippi River threatened or destroyed by flood, under the provisions of section 9 of the act approved June 15, 1936. Work accomplished on the adopted project for the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River has demonstrated its effectiveness by affording unbroken protection for a period of 17 years to date. However, because of the elimination of the Eudora floodway by the Flood Control Act of 1941, the levee system which constitutes the major part of the project is not yet sufficiently complete to afford protection against predicted floods. Even a partial overflow of the valley may interrupt postal service, transcontinental and inter- state commerce, and produce widespread destruction and disorder, national in scope. As flood control of this vast alluvial valley and navigation of the lower Mississippi River are important to the national economy and to the security of a large number of people, this project is being steadily prosecuted toward completion. SURVEYS During the year reports in response to 14 items of law enacted by Congress and resolutions adopted by congressional committees authorizing investigations of potential river and harbor and flood- control improvements were completed and transmitted to Congress with the recommendations of the Chief of Engineers. Of these investigations 1 was a preliminary examination and 2 were sur- veys prepared in response to authority contained in previously adopted river and harbor and flood-control acts, whereas 11 were reexaminations submitted in response to committee resolutions. Section 1 of the Flood Control Act approved December 22, 1944, and section 1 of the River and Harbor Act approved March 2, 1945, provide among other things that, in carrying out authorized in- vestigations of works of improvement for navigation or flood control, the proposed reports of the Chief of Engineers thereon shall be transmitted to the affected States and, whenever the proj- ect is located in a western river basin, to the Department of the Interior. The submitted views and recommendations of the af- fected States and of the Secretary of the Interior are transmitted by the Secretary of War, together with the report of the Chief of Engineers, to the Congress. The Beach Erosion and Shore Protection Boards carried out during the year studies and investigations in cooperation with appropriate agencies of various States and municipalities and with 12 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 the field offices of the Department to develop efficient works for the protection and stabilization of the shores and beaches of coastal and lake waters. Three cooperative studies and four informal departmental studies were completed during the year. Eleven cooperative studies and seven departmental studies were pending at the close of the year. Research on the subject of wave action and related phenomena was continued in the board's laboratory. In addition to the cooperative studies prosecuted during the year, the Beach Erosion Board has prepared studies and reports of a special nature for the Army and for the Navy. Three articles reporting the results of research were approved for publication. An act of Congress approved July 31, 1945, Public Law 166, Seventy-ninth Congress, authorized general shore-line investiga- tions at Federal expense. That act also repealed the act of June 26, 1936, Public Law 834, Seventy-fourth Congress, and provides that the Beach Erosion Board, in making its report on any coop- erative beach erosion study under the provisions of section 2 of the River and Harbor Act of July 3, 1930, state its opinion as to (a) the advisability of adopting the project; (b) what public interest, if any, is involved in the proposed improvement; and (c) what share of the expense, if any, should be borne by the United States. The gathering of hydrological data in Nicaragua, under-au- thority contained in the River and Harbor Act approved June 20, 1938, was continued. The cooperative programs with the United States Weather Bur- eau and the Geological Survey for the purpose of more adequately meeting the requirements of the Department in the planning and operation of flood-control and river and harbor improvements were continued. Projects included in the cooperation with the Weather Bureau were: (a) Operation of a Nation-wide network of recording rain gages; (b) hydrometeorological investigations and review of the studies of major storms of record and the prep- aration of estimates of maximum possible precipitation for selected drainage basins; (c) organization of cooperative networks of re- porting rainfall and river stations; and (d) development of the program for preparation of 48-hour quantitative forecasts of storm rainfall to facilitate the operation of reservoirs and local flood-protection projects. Cooperation with the Geological Survey involved primarily the installation, operation, and maintenance of stream-gaging stations for obtaining records of stream flow. The development of certain equipment for general stream gaging was continued. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS Miscellaneous civil works have, as heretofore, been administered by the Corps of Engineers. These works are varied in character and include the administration of the Federal laws enacted for the protection and preservation of the navigable waters of the United States, which govern the following: Granting of permits for structures or operations in navigable waters; approval of the location and plans of bridges, dams, dikes, or causeways; altera- MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS 13 tion of obstructive bridges; investigation and removal of sunken vessels or other obstructions endangering navigation; establish- ment of regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of navigable waters, including drawbridge regulations; establishment of anchorage grounds, special anchorage areas, danger zones, dumping grounds, restricted areas, fishing areas, and harbor lines; investigations of the discharge or deposit of refuse matter of any kind in navigable waters; prevention of pollution of coastal navi- gable waters by oil; determination of the heads of navigation and the extent to which the laws shall apply to specific streams; super- vision of the harbor of New York to prevent obstructive or injuri- ous deposits in the tidal waters thereof, including the waters of Long Island Sound; establishment of reasonable rates of toll for transit across bridges over navigable waters; granting of permits for the occupation and use of Federal works under control of the Corps of Engineers; construction of Anacostia Park and the recla- mation and development of Anacostia River and Flats, D. C.; maintenance and repair of the Washington Aqueduct, and increas- ing the water supply of the city of Washington; surveys and charting of the northern and northwestern lakes, including the Lake of the Woods; studies for the preservation of Niagara Falls and the supervision of power companies diverting water there- from; reports of international boards on operations affecting international boundary waters; issuance of instruments author- izing the occupation of Government-owned land under the juris- diction of the Department; and legislation in connection with the foregoing. PROJECTS UNDER THE PUBLIC WORKS AND EMERGENCY RELIEF PROGRAMS As of June 30, 1944, allocation of funds to the following works and in the amounts indicated have been made available to the Corps of Engineers supplementing the allocations as published in detail in the Annual Report for the fiscal year 1939. The grand total of these amounts is $517,670,132.91. 672607-46-2 0 RIVERS AND HARBORS 0 CD Emergency Relief acts 0 National Public Works Industrial Administration 0 Recovery Act Act 1935 act 1936 act 1937 act 1938 act Total allocations to river and harbor projects to June 30, 1944 (see annual report z 0 for 1944, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 14) _.___$183, 503, 960. 55 $94, 197, 796. 57 $103, 611, 607. 21 Total allocations or rescissions since June 30, 1944, to June 30, 1945: Fort Peck t Dam Reservoir, Missouri River - 9, 203. 18 - 649. 64 CD Miscellaneous (reimbursements received for which no project is applicable) ... - 2. 54 - 17, 456. 46 Total allocations to river and harbor projects to June 30, 1945--....--...... 183, 494, 754. 83 94, 179, 690. 47 103, 611, 607. 21 Q z FLOOD CONTROL L Total allocations to flood control projects to June 30, 1944_ - -_..... . $72, 763, 886. 60 $3, 054, 196. 70 $20, 074, 637. 79 $10, 174, 116. 53 $19, 11, 349. 12 $2, 238, 822. 74 12 MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTS Total allocations to miscellaneous projects to June 30, 1944---___-____---- $1,654, 489. 01 $109, 200. 00 $6, 384, 393. 74 $11,395. 47 $7, 592. 70 Grand total to June 30, 1945----- __-___-__-__- _ -_________ _..... 257, 913, 130. 44 97, 343, 087. 17 130, 070, 638. 74 10, 185, 512. 00 19, 918, 941. 82 2, 238, 822. 74 Appropriations.-Thefunds with which the works for the maintenance and improvement of rivers and har- bors and flood control were prosecuted during the fiscal year were derived from unexpended balances of prior appropriations and from the following appropriation acts: Rivers and Total by appro- Appropriation title Date of act harbors Flood control Miscellaneous priation acts Ia _ _ _ _ - First Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1945: Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works _ Dec. 22, 1944 $2, 780, 000. 00 $2, 780 000. 00 Flood control, general_ ...--------------------------- _----do ___ - -- - --- --- --- $7, 230, 000. 00 7, 230,000. 00 Total . ._.- -- - 2, 780, 000. 00 7, 230, 000. 00 ------------------ 10, 010, 000. 00 War Department Civil Appropriation Act, 1946: Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works _ __ Mar. 31, 1945 00 --------------------------------- 44, 508, 00.00 44, 508, 000. 00 Flood control, general___- _- do 24,172, 000.00 00 ------------------ 24,172, 000. 00 Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries_ __ do .......... ----- 30, 000, 000.00 ------------------ 30, 000, 000. 00 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River-_ _do ........... 500, 000. 00 - 500, 000. 00 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif - -- do .... 2,050,000. 00 ----------------- 2, 050, 000. 00 Maintenance and operation, certain Federal water mains outside the District of Columbia--.... d o .......... ...- $12, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 Total.._. -- 44, 508, 000. 00 56, 722, 000. 00 12, 000. 00 101, 242, 000. 00 First Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1945: Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works Apr. 25, 1945 405, 0000.00 - 405, C00. 00 Flood control, general ---.......... do .... _.... 1,000,000. 00- -- 1,000, 000.00 Total -- 405, 000. 00 1, 000, 000. 00 -- -1, 405, 000. 00 House joint resolution: Flood control, general ....... June 12, 1945 8,055,000. 00 ------------------ 8,055, 00. 00 Flood control, general (emergency fund) ....do_ .... _._ 12, 000, 000. 00 12, 000, 000. 00 T otal -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20, 055, 000. 00 20, 055, 000. 00 Special fund (credits to account from licenses under Federal Power Act, Aug. 26, 1935): Maintenance and operation of dams and other improvements to navigable waters _ Aug. 26, 1935 152, 885. 25 152, 885. 25 Payments to States, Flood Control Act June 28, 1938, as amended-.....-..---........ June 28, 1938 ----------------- 85, 438. 08 85, 438. 08 Allotments made from emergency appropriation acts: National Industrial Recovery, War, rivers and harbors, 1933-43 June 16, 1933 1 - 9, 205. 72 - 9, 205. 72 Public Works Administration, allotment to War, rivers and harbors, 1935-43 -__ June 19, 1934 1 - 18, 106. 10 - 18, 106. 10 National Industrial Recovery, Public Works Administration (allotment to War, Corps of Engineers) 1933-44 do_.... ... . ....--..---------- ----- 1- 29, 105. 69 - 29, 105. 69 Rivers and Ob Total by appro- Appropriation title Date of act harbors Flood control Miscellaneous priation acts O Allotments made from emergency appropriation acts:-(Continued) Emergency fund for the President, War (allotment to War. Corps of Engineers), 1940-42 ---------------- ------------------------------------------ June 13, 1940 --------------------------------- - 19, 795. 06 - 19, 795. 06 C) Total ._ _ .. --...27, 311.82 ----- - 48, 900. 75 -48907--6225 - 76, 212. 57 Ttl-------------------------------------------------------------------------27318--- ----------------- x Grand total all appropriated funds ---------------------------------- ------------------ 47, 818, 573. 43 85, 007, 000. 00 48, 537. 33 132, 874, 110. 76 Trust funds: (contributions and advances): Funds contributed for improvement of rivers and harbors------------------------- (2) 115, 277. 47 -------- 115, 277. 47 Funds contributed for flood control, rivers and harbors--------------------------- (a) 952, 862. 85 -_ - 952, 862. 85 Funds advanced for flood control, rivers and harbors ..------------------------- Oct. 15, 1940 130, 000. 00 ----------------- 130, CO0.00 z Grand total all trust funds ------------------------------------------- ------------------ 115, 277. 47 1, 082, 862 85 ----------------- 1, 198, 140. 32 z Funds transferred from other departments as working funds: Working fund, War, Engineers, civil --------------------------------------- (() ------------- - 593, 248. 67 - 593, 248. 67 u Working fund, War, Engineers, civil. 1941-42___ ---------------------- ------- () -- 2, 864. 13 - 2, 864. 13 Working fund, War, Engineers, civil, 1945 ------------------------------------- (2) -------------- 199, 600. 00 199, 600. 00 Working fund, War, Engineers, civil (trust fund) -------------------------------- rA (2) ---------------------------------- 1, 637, 831. 00 1, 637, 831. 00 CJY Total working funds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 241, 318. 20 1,241.318. 20 Grand total all funds ..----------- ---------------------------------------------------- 47, 933, 850. 90 86, 089, 862. 85 1, 289, 855. 53 135, 313, 569. 28 1 Transferred to surplus fund. 2Various. The following amounts have been advanced by local interests for river and harbor improvements under the provisions of section 11, River and Harbor Act, March 3, 1925, and for Flood Control Works under the provisions of the act of October 15, 1940, and are returnable to the same interests when necessary Government funds are available. a Balance due Amount Amount Balance due District from United States, received during returned during from United States, z June 30, 1944 fiscal year fiscal year June 30, 1945 a i Great Kills Harbor, Staten Island, N. Y New York, N. Y___ $114,500 $114,500 cc a z wr Buffalo Bayou, Tex_ _ Galveston, Tex _____ 2, 500, 000 2, 500, 000 Sacramento River, Calif ..--- Sacramento, Calif__ 700, 000 $700, 000 Bayou Bodcou, Red Chute, and Loggy Bayou, La- ----------- Vicksburg, Miss ____ $130, 000 65, 000 65,000 Total, flood control ----------------- 3, 200, 000 130,000 765,000 2, 565, 000 Grand total - - -- 3, 314, 500 130, 000 765, 000 2, 679, 500 'mil Expenditures.--The total actually expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the maintenance and improvement of rivers and harbors, flood control, and other miscellaneous works during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945, is as follows: Expenditures Appropriation Act 0 New work Maintenance Total 0 Rivers and harbors: Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works _ _.. __ (1) $6,111,458. 85 2$50, 076, 209. 36 $56, 187, 668. 21 0 Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, emergency construction, act July 21,1932------------ July 21, 1932 - 26. 71 - 26.71 Public Works Administration, allotment to War, rivers and harbors, 1935-43 __ ________ June 19, 1934 - 10. 74 - 10.74 Power plant, Fort Peck Dam, Mont., construction _____________ (1) 129, 211. 11 129, 211.11 Power plant, Bonneville Dam, Columbia River. Oreg., construction ._______________________ (1) 257, 025. 84 257, 025. 84 Emergency fund for the President, national defense (allotment to War, Corps of Engineers), 1942-45 (construction of submerged weir in the Niagara River)__ ___ 22, 557. 27 22, 557. 27 Maintenance and operation of dams and other improvements to navigable waters- Improvement of Washington Channel, D. C. (transfer to War)- - Apr. 5, 1941 Aug. 26, 1935 July 1, 1941 27, 154. 23 189,926.86 --- ------ ---- 189, 926. 86 27,154. 23 O Alteration of bridges over navigable waters of the United States-_.- Oct. 9, 1940 332, 394. 89 -- - -- - ----- 332,394.89 .. Total, rivers and harbors_ _ . -- . .- .- - - - - - - .--. . 6, 879, 791. 45 50, 266, 109. 51 57, 145, 900. 96a Flood control (projects authorized in act of June 22, 1936, as amended and supplemented): (1) 31, 692, 621. 71 z Flood control, general. . . .. . . 24, 867, 300. 88 3 6, 825, 320. 83 Flood control, general (emergency fund)_____________________ ___ (1) 1, 022, 670. 52 6, 900, 776. 27 7, 923, 446. 79 Total, flood control, general_____ ___ __ 25, 889, 971. 40 13, 726, 097. 10 39, 616, 068. 50 Flood control, Mississippi River: (act May 15, 1928, as amended): Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries-... (1) 23, 024, 174. 95 9, 330, 392. 85 32, 354, 567. 80 Emergency fund for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River ___________ (1) 1, 672, 630. 17 1, 672, 630. 17 . Total flood control, Mississippi River____ ___________ 23, 024,174. 95 11,003, 023. 02 34, 027,197. 97 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif________ _____ ___ (1) 2, 466, 467. 17 277, 516. 97 2, 743, 984. 14 Flood control, Missouri River at or near Niobrara, Neb_________________ .___________ May 15, 1936 33. 17 33.17 _ __I. Total, all flood control... ..... ....... . ... . .... . . 51,380, 613. 52 25,006,670.26 76, 387, 283. 78 Miscellaneous appropriations: National Industrial Recovery, Public Works Administration (allotment to War, Corps of Engineers), 1933-45 ......... ----. _ _ ..- June 16, 1933 13,408.21 . 13, 408. 21 Development of landing areas for national defense, Office of-Administrator of Civil Aeronautics (transfer to War), 1941-45 .... . -- --- 4 Apr. 28, 1942 21, 193, 163. 49 --------- 21, 193, 163. 49 Maintenance and operation, certain water mains outside the District of Columbia, 1944-45 __....... June 27, 1944 5,473.75 5,473. 75 Expenditures Appropriation Act New work Maintenance Total Miscellaneous appropriations:-(Continued) Payments to States, Flood Control Act, June 28, 1938, as amended_.._. _ ___________ June 28, 1938 129, 316. 36 129, 316. 36 Total miscellaneous appropriations_____ ___ ___... 21, 206, 571. 70 134, 790. 11 21, 341, 361. 81 I I I Contributed and advanced funds: Funds contributed for improvement of rivers and harbors ____ ___ (5) 122, 654. 79 80, 896. 33 203, 551.12 Funds contributed for flood control, rivers and harbors_..... ________ (5) 154, 913. 25 47, 812. 69 202, 725. 94 Funds advanced for flood control, rivers and harbors_... ..... ______ . _ Oct. 5, 1940 640, 436. 44 ---------------.- 640, 436. 44 Tnt ol. l t~nnrihbtad cuIlrIU uue ad d arldari LLu anuIl aus.LL_ fnndc u U- - _..... - -.. - i --- - -- -- - - 918, 004. 48 128, 709. 02 1, 046, 713. 50 Total, Engineer Department and contributed funds_..... _.__.___________ .... -- --- --- - -- .- 80, 384, 981. 15 75, 536, 278. 90 155, 921, 260. 05 z d Working funds (transfers from other departments): Working fund, War, Engineers, civil, no year (various projects) _____ ... -2, . 505, 411.25 Working fund, War, Engineers, civil, 1943 (investigation of Federal Power Commission projects)..... ..- .. ........................ ...-- 865.62 H; Working fund, War, Engineers, civil, 1944 (various projects) __ __ 43, 590. 89 Working fund, War, Engineers, civil, 1945 (various projects)__ ___ ____________. _-- - 198,120. 55 Working fund, War, Engineers, (National Industrial Recovery, Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, allotment Civil Aeronautics Authority), 1933-43 (Gravelly Point National Airport) June, 16 1933 ------------ -------- - 35. 61 Working fund, War, Engineers, civil (trust fund) no year (various projects)..__--___-- __-- __ ----------------- ------------------- -- -- 2,820,472.17 Total, working funds.......---------------------- ----------------- -------..-------- --- 5,568,424.87 Grand total expenditures by Engineer Department. .. .. ... ......... 80, 384,981. 15 75,536,278.90 161,489, 684. 92 I Annual or supplemental. 8Includes 2 Includes $132,306 transferred for cooperative work to other departments. $558,239 transferred for cooperative work to other departments. 'Sixth Supplemental National Defense Appropriation Act, 1942, Apr. 28, 1942. 6Trust funds (various). Consolidated cost and financial summary as of June 30, .945. Value of Additional Cost of Cost of plant, stocks, Plus Minus Total Balance Total to be amount re- new work maintenance and undis- accounts accounts expenditures unexpended accounted for quired for tributed items receivable payable completion Seacoast harbors and channels-------- $726, 056, 189. 31 $353, 922, 680. 45 $555, 376. 14 $40, 394. 96 $1, 194, 039. 56 $1, 079, 380, 601. 30 $20, 013, 536. 20 $1, 099, 394, 137. 50 $125, 820, 000 Intracoastal canals and other waterways_ 175, 777, 737. 39 94, 767, 259. 78 57, 193. 09 39, 713. 43 565, 650. 11 270, 076, 253. 58 7, 947, 549. 03 278, 023, 802. 61 347, 016, 000 Mississippi River system-_____ ___ __ 843, 204. 804. 16 312, 609,041. 52 1, 217, 114. 63 301, 670. 22 764, 761. 62 1, 156, 567, 868. 91 21, 307, 250. 35 1, 177, 875, 119. 26 106, 688, 000 Lake harbors and channels _________-. -- 226, 365, 915. 60 90, 966, 890. 39 258, 201. 31 45, 219. 73 508, 059. 08 317, 128, 167. 95 6, 198, 858. 65 323, 327, 026. 60 55, 587, 000 O Etaminations, surveys, and contingen- cies of rivers and harbors------------- 7, 613, 720. 34 63, 654, 969. 15 4, 576. 55 28, 977. 54 185, 195. 26 71, 117, 048. 32 5, 790, 593. 05 76, 907, 641. 37 ..... __ Removing sunken vessels ________________________ _ 8, 831,266. 21----------- ---------------- ---------- 8, 831, 266. 21 166, 742. 06 8, 998, 008. 27 0 Power installation at Fort Peck and 0 Bonneville________30, 238, 621.51---------------- 39, 523. 79------------- 16, 989. 95 30, 261, 155. 35 1, 819, 844. 65 32, 081,000. 00- Dam No. 2, Tennessee River: Construction___..... __________________ 46, 613, 947. 62 359, 592. 52 - -------- 46, 973, 540. 14------------- 46,93,---------------_-- 46, 973, 540. 14 Operation and care, hydroelectric development_______------___________ ________ 1, 711, 656. 48_ ---- ----------- 1, 711, 656. 48-------------- 1, 711, 656. 48 Passamaquoddy tidal power project, Maine --------------------------- 6, 384,160. 89-------- ----------------------------------------- 6, 384,160. 89-------------- 6, 384,160. 89 Flood control _______ ___ __ ___ 1,141, 677, 027. 60 200, 052, 127. 27 841, 316. 97 4, 200, 081. 08 8, 785, 492. 34 1, 337, 985, 060. 58 118, 771, 283. 28 1, 456, 756, 343. 86 1, 974, 677, 000 Plant: River and harbor-__ .---- - _--____-______ - - -- --- 33, 068,122. 30 4, 858, 720. 98 3, 882, 002. 29 34,044, 840.99 22, 247,180. 27 56, 292, 021.26 Flood control__ ----------------__ --- _________ 9, 490, 721. 46 1, 103, 726. 35 912, 783. 71 9, 681, 664. 10 3, 027, 481. 45 12, 709,145. 55 z Total ---------------------- 3, 203, 932, 124. 42 1, 126, 875, 483. 77 1 45, 532, 146. 24 10, 618, 504. 29 16, 814, 973. 92 4,370,143, 284. 80 207, 290, 318. 99 4, 577, 433, 603. 79 2, 609, 788, 000 Unallotted balances June 30, 1945: Power plant, Fort Peck Dam .. ____----------------- 1, 300, 000. 00 1,300, 000. 00 J Rivers and harbors----- --------------- --------------------------------------------------------- 10, 623, 554. 17 10, 623, 554. 17 Flood control. Mississippi River and tributaries -_____-___--___-____________ 5, 341, 868. 55 5, 341, 868. 55 Emergency funds for flood control on tributaries of Mississippi River------ -------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ----------------- 239, 000. 00 239, 000. 00 -- Flood control, general __ ... _ _- ------------ -----------------. 7, 781,121. 08 7, 781,121. 08- - Total unallotted balance.----------- -- -- -- _--------__________ 25, 285, 543. 80 25, 285, 543. 80 - Grand total----------..------------------------------ - ------- - --- 232, 575, 862. 79 4, 602, 719, 147. 59 I Of this amount, $37,080,853.67 represents the value of plant distributed as follows: Service Construction Tools and plant plant equipment Total Rivers and harbors_ ...__ - - -_ ______.___._ $7, 847, 001. 89 $19, 138, 013. 38 $2, 303, 411. 53 $29, 288, 426. 80 Flood control--- ------------------------------------------------- 3, 015, 588. 59 3, 644, 397. 61 1, 132, 440. 67 7, 792, 426. 87 Total-- __.________. ---- ____ _- .___ .. ... ---- 10, 862, 590. 48 22, 782, 410. 99 3, 435, 852. 20 37, 080, 853. 67 THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS 21 The amounts that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947, are as follows: Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works: New work ----------------------------- Maintenance ----------------------------- $111, 939, 190 77, 249, 676 Total, rivers and harbors--------------------------$189, 188, 866 Alteration of bridges, Truman-Hobbs Act---------------- 2, 900, 000 Maintenance, certain water mains outside the District of Columbia ___-------------------------------------------- 12, 000 -------------------------- Power installation, Fort Peck_ 1, 505, 000 Flood control: Mississippi River and tributaries---------- $50, 000, 000 Emergency work on tributaries of Mississippi River ----------------------------------- 500, 000 Sacramento River, Calif. ------------------- 2, 500, 000 Flood control, general, act of June 22, 1936 as amended and supplemented ------------ 326, 599, 000 Total, flood control 379, 599, 000 Grand total -------------------------------------- 573, 204, 866 THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS The creation of the Board and the duties assigned to it under the original and subsequent acts of Congress are described in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year 1922. On June 30, 1945, the Board was composed of the following members: Brig. Gen. John J. Kingman, Brig. Gen. Roscoe C. Crawford, Col. Charles L. Hall, Col. Malcolm Elliott, Col. Xenophon H. Price, Col. Earl E. Gesler, and Col. Albert B. Jones, U. S. Army. In addition to the foregoing, the following-named officers have also been detailed for various periods during the year to member- ship on the Board: Brig. Gen. James A. O'Connor and Brig. Gen. John S. Bragdon. A summary of the reviews accomplished by the Board during the year and the status of its operations from its organization up to the close of the fiscal year are shown in the following table: Number of Number of Number investiga- investiga- Total completed tions tions number during Number Authority for investigations ordered ordered completed year remaining prior to during prior to ending to be July 1, fiscal year July 1, June 30, completed 1944 1945 1944 1945 River and harbor and flood control acts __ 4, 377 328 4, 077 27 601 Concurrent resolutions of Congress.... 1 0 1 ....... . ..... Congressional resolutions..------------------ 1, 812 137 1, 582 51 316 Total________________------------ 6, 190 465 5, 660 78 917 Number of hearings held by the Board during the year: 10. Studies prescribed by various river and harbor acts and by section 500 of the Transportation Act of 1920 were continued, and the results published in two series of reports known as Port and Terminal Facilities Reports and Transportation Series Reports. The following reports were prepared during the year: 22 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 TRANSPORTATION SERIES REPORTS No. 5. Transportation Lines on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts, 1944. No. 3. Transportation Lines on the Great Lakes, 1945. No. 4. Transportation Lines on the Mississippi River System, 1945. No. 5. Transportation Lines on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts, 1945. PORT AND TERMINAL FACILITIES REPORTS Charleston, S. C., and Wilmington, N. C., 1944. Portland and Astoria, Oreg. and Longview and Vancouver, Wash., 1944. Ports on Lake Michigan, 1942. Ports on Lake Huron and Connecting Channels, 1942. Ports on Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River, 1942. A field survey of port and terminal facilities at all United States ports on Lake Superior was under way. The statistics of water-borne commerce as collected and com- piled by the Corps of Engineers as required by law, have continued to be of service to numerous agencies including many connected with the war effort. Miscellaneous special studies were made in connection with sub- jects pending before the Board and in response to specific requests by the Office of the Chief of Engineers and other governmental agencies; and tables, graphs, and maps have been prepared as necessary in connection therewith. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 23 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT This district comprises all of Maine, the eastern two-thirds of New Hampshire, and northeastern and eastern Massachusetts embraced in the drainage basins tributary to the Atlantic Ocean north of Nauset Harbor, inclusive, on the east coast of Cape Cod, and to the head of Buzzards Bay, Mass., north of Butlers Point at the southern extremity of Sippican Neck, and Scraggy Neck. It also includes the Cape Cod Canal. District engineer: Lt. Col. Henry P. Dunbar, Corps of Engi- neers, to September 20, 1944; Col. Homer B. Pettit, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. George W. Gillette, Corps of Engineers, to February 4, 1945; Col. Homer B. Pettit, Corps of Engineers, acting division engineer to February 7, 1945; Brig. Gen. James A. O'Connor, division engineer, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS Navigation Flood Control Page Page 1. Northeast Harbor, Maine_ 23 22. Merrimack River Basin, 2. Isle au Haut Thoroughfare, N. H. and Mass.__.... 58 Maine 24 23. Franklin Falls Reservoir, 3. Camden Harbor, Maine___ 25 Merrimack River Basin, 4. Hendricks Harbor, Maine_ 26 N. H.- 61 5. Portland Harbor, Maine_ _ 27 24. Blackwater Reservoir, Mer- 6. Josias River, Maine_ _. .. 30 rimack River Basin, N. H. 64 7. Newburyport Harbor, Mass. 31 25. Bennington Reservoir, Mer- 8. Gloucester Harbor and An- rimack River Basin, N. H. 66 nisquam River, Mass.__ 33 26. West Peterboro Reservoir, 9. Manchester Harbor, Mass._ 35 Merrimack River Basin, 10. Salem Harbor, Mass.____ 37 N.H. 68 11. Marblehead Harbor, Mass._ 38 27. Mountain Brook Reservoir, 12. Boston Harbor, Mass.____ 39 Merrimack River Basin, 13. Dorchester Bay and Nepon- N. H.------------------- 69 set River, Mass_ 43 28. Nashua, Merrimack River 14. Weymouth Fore River, Basin, N.H._ 71 Mass. 44 29. Lowell, Merrimack River 15. Cohasset Harbor, Mass__ 47 Basin, Mass._ 73 16. Duxbury Harbor, Mass... 48 30. North Andover and Law- 17. Wellfleet Harbor, Mass.__ 49 rence, Merrimack River 18. Cape Cod Canal, Mass._. 50 Basin, Mass.___________ 74 19. Examinations, surveys, and 31. Preliminary examinations contingencies (general) 54 and surveys for flood con- 20. Other navigation projects trol 76 for which no estimates are submitted_ 55 21. Plant allotment .__.... 57 1. NORTHEAST HARBOR, MAINE Location.-This harbor is a small cove, indenting the south shore of Mount Desert Island, Maine. It lies just east of the entrance to Somes Sound, about 13 miles southwest of Bar Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 306 and 1202.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel and anchorage 10 feet deep between the 10-foot natural contour and proposed towh landing, and 7-foot anchorage areas contiguous to the exist- 24 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 ing natural channel. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 10.3 feet and the spring range is 11.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1945 is $94,500. The latest (1945) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was authorized by the River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. No. 132, 76th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Local cooperation.- Local interests are required to furnish, free of cost to the United States, suitable spoil-disposal areas, properly bulkheaded; provide a public landing with facilities for the service and supply of recreational craft, available to the public on equal terms; and hold and save the United States free from all claims for damages incident to the work of improvement. Terminal facilities.-There are 14 landings, all privately owned, 2 of which are open to the public without charge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the existing project. Conditions are as shown on the map published in the project document. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945___________________ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945_______________ Net total expenditures_ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945______________________ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project________________________________ $94,500 2. ISLE AU HAUT THOROUGHFARE, MAINE Location.-This is a tidal strait about 11/2 miles long between Isle Au Haut and Kimball Island, located off the coast of Maine in East Penobscot Bay about 25 miles east of Rockland. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 309.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 75 feet wide and 6 feet deep, approximately 1,200 feet long, through the shoal at the easterly end of the waterway. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 9.1 feet and the spring range is 10.4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1945 is $28,000. The latest (1945) approved estimate of cost of annual maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945 (S. Doc. No. 15, 77th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to furnish as- surances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will pro- vide and maintain on the thoroughfare a suitable public landing RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 25 and hold and save the United States free from all claims for dam- ages resulting from the improvement. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves on the thorough- fare, all privately owned, none of which are open to the public. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the existing project. Conditions are as shown on the map published in the project document. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945_ Net total expenditures____________________________ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ____________________________________ $28, 000 3. CAMDEN HARBOR, MAINE Location.-This harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, about 8 miles north of Rockland, Maine. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 321.) Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1873. For further details see page 30 of Annual Report for 1931. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 14 feet deep in the outer harbor and 10 feet deep in the main and upper portion of the harbor. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 9.6 feet and the extreme range 11.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount ex- pended under previous project, revised in 1910, was $87,330. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: August 11, 1888, provided for dredging at the en- trance to 12 feet, for dredging the main portion of the harbor to 10 feet, and for small channels in the upper portion to 5 feet; the act of June 13, 1902 provided for dredging an area in the vicinity of the steamboat wharf, in the outer harbor, to 14 feet; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging an area in the upper part of the harbor to 10 feet. The latest published map is in House Document No. 1117, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Local cooperation.-None required. Terminal facilities.-Thereare eight wharves on the inner har- bor, six of which are used for handling general supplies, one for pleasure craft and one is equipped with a marine railway used for building and repairing boats. There is one wharf on the outer harbor. The facilities are considered adequate for the activities of the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance: An allotment in the amount of $875.56 was received to reimburse the 26 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 plant allotment account for final costs on maintenance survey of Camden Harbor, completed August 28, 1943. The total costs during the fiscal year were $875.56 for main- tenance. The expenditures were $875.56. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911 at a saving of $14,930 under the estimated cost. The controlling depth when last surveyed in August 1943 was 8.9 feet. The costs under the existing project have been $103,475.56, of which $72,400 was for new work and $31,075.56 was for main- tenance. The expenditures have been $103,475.56. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945_____________________________ $102, 400. 00 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945__________________________ 31, 075. 56 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945_ 133, 475. 56 Net total expenditures__________ 133, 475.56 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945__________________ 133, 475. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Cost of new work ..---------------------------------- Cost of maintenance----------------------- ... ------------ $875. 56 Total expended__--------------------------- 875. 56 Allotted . ...---------------------------------------------------------------------- 875.56 Amount allotted from War Department Civil Appropriation Act approved June 2, 1943____________________________________ $875. 56 Gross amount expended__-------------------------------------- 875. 56 4. HENDRICKS HARBOR, MAINE Location.-This harbor, on the west side of Southport Island and on the east side of the Sheepscot River about 2 miles above its mouth, is 50 miles northeast of Portland, Maine. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 314.) Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 30 feet wide and 9 feet deep at mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.5 feet and the extreme range is 9.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1945 is $6,000. Maintenance costs will be nominal. The existing project was authorized by the River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945 (S. Doc. No. 40, Seventy-sixth Congress, first session). The latest published map is in the project document. Terminal facilities.-There are two wharves and four small landings, all privately owned, and not open to the public. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the existing project. Conditions are as shown on the map published in the project document. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 27 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945_ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945___________----------- Net total expenditures______________________-------- Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945______------------ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project.__.. ______$___ __-- ----------------- $6, 000 5. PORTLAND HARBOR, MAINE Location.-This harbor is on the southwestern coast of Maine, about 100 miles northeast of Boston, Mass. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 325.) Previous projects.-Adopted by joint resolution of June 5, 1868, and River and Harbor Act of June 10, 1872. For further details see page 1736 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 40 of Annual Report for 1936. Existing project.-This provides for an anchorage area 35 feet deep at mean low water, approximately 170 acres in area, north- west of House Island; an anchorage area off the eastern end of the city, with a minimum depth of 30 feet; for dredging the greater part of the inner harbor to a depth of 30 feet, except for the lower part of the main harbor and its channel of approach, where the depth is to be 35 feet; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Fore River up to Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the anchorage to the Grand Trunk bridge at the mouth of Back Cove; for rock excavation to give a depth of 14 feet between the Grand Trunk and Tukeys Bridges, and a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide thence to the head of Back Cove; for the removal of two obstruct- ing ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet; for a stone breakwater about 2,000 feet long on the southerly side of the mouth of the inner harbor; and the maintenance of Soldier Ledge Channel in Hussey Sound, Casco Bay, at a depth of 40 feet. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.9 feet, extreme 1.0.2 feet, though variations as great as 16 feet have been observed under storm conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1945 is $2,695,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1945) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: 28 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 Acts Work authorized Documents July 4, 1836Breakwater on southerly side of mouth of inner H. Doc. No 491, 23d Cong, 1st sess. harbor. June 23, 1866 Extension of breakwater Juine 3, 1896 Dredging to 30 feet over greater part of inner S. Doc. No. 271, 54th Cong., 1st sess. harbor. Mar. 3, 1905 Extensionof 30-foot depth up Fore River to Bos- (Sundry civil) ton & Maine R. R. bridge and in channel of approach to Back Cove. July 25, 1912 30-foot anchorage; 14 feet at entrance to Back H. Doc. No. 4 O962d Cong., 2d sess. Cove; restoration of 12-foot depth in Back Cove and 30-foot depth in the approach as well as in lower part of harbor. Aug 8, 1917 35-foot depth in lower part of main harbor and the H. Doc. No. 71, 65th Cong., 1st sess. channel of approach, and removal of 2 ob- structing ledges in main channel. Mar. 2, 1945 35-foot anchorage, approximately 170 acres in H. Doc. No. 560, 76th Cong., 3d sess.1 area northwest of House Island. Do -_-_. Maintenance of Soldier Ledge Channel in Hus- sey Sound, at depth of 40 feet. Report of Chief of Engineers, dated Oct. 26, 1942. Contains latest published map. Local cooperation.-Fully complied with. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has a water front of about 81/2 miles, rather more than one-half of which has been developed. There are about 58 wharves and 2 shipyards in Portland Harbor. The large modern pier owned by the State is on the Portland side. Seventeen of the wharves and both of the shipyards are on the South Portland side. The facilities are considered ade- quate for existing commerce. For further details see Port and Terminal Facilities at the Ports of Northern New England, 1941. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Maintenance: Under a contract for dredging to widen to project width of 300 feet, the 30-foot channel in Fore River above the Vaughan Bridge, work in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year was completed November 11, 1944. During the fiscal year, there were removed 3,545 cubic yards, place measurement, of material, at a cost of $14,894.56 for maintenance. Maintenance surveys by hired labor of isolated shoal areas in the 30-foot anchorage and the 30- and 35-foot channels to Portland bridge in connection with maintenance dredging, initiated in No- vember, were completed December 18, 1944, at a cost of $3,278.28 for maintenance. Sweeping and sounding maintenance survey by hired labor of the 30-, 14-, and 12-foot approach channels to Back Cove, from the 30-foot anchorage to the head of Back Cove, was initiated May 1, 1945, and continued throughout the fiscal year, at a cost of $3,932.65 for maintenance. Detailed probing survey by hired labor of ledge No. 1, located abreast of Portland Head Light at the entrance to Portland Har- bor, was initiated June 5, 1945, and continued throughout the fiscal year, at a cost of $31.66 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 29 Sounding survey by hired labor of the Chandler Cove inside disposal area was initiated June 28, 1945, and continued through- out the fiscal year. The total costs during the fiscal year were $22,137.15, all of which was for maintenance. The expenditures were $22,167.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was about 66 percent completed, the remaining portion consisting of the removal to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water of a ledge located about 0.5 mile southeast of Portland Head Light at the entrance to Portland Harbor, and dredging the 35-foot anchorage area northwest of House Island. The controlling depths at mean low water in the various improved channels of Portland Harbor at the dates they were last surveyed were: 32.6 feet in the lower part of the main harbor (1944) ; 28.5 feet in the upper part of the main harbor (1944) ; 28.2 feet in Fore River (1944); 27.3 feet in an- chorage, thence 17.1 feet to Grand Trunk Bridge, thence 12.1 feet to Tukeys Bridge, thence 7.6 feet to the head of Back Cove except for the last 200 feet, where the controlling depth is 4.3 feet (1945). The total costs under the existing project have been $2,368,- 661.28, of which $1,827,710.29 was for new work and $540,950.99 was for maintenance. The expenditures have been $2,368,637.07. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the end of the fiscal year, including accounts receivable, amounting to $145,- 193.58, will be applied as follows: Accounts payable June 30, 1945_------------------------------$241. 43 Maintenance : Complete by July 31, 1945, sweeping and sounding survey of approach channels to Back Cove, by hired labor__ 367. 35 Complete by Aug. 31, 1945, detailed probing survey of ledge No. 1, at entrance to Portland Harbor, by hired labor--------- 3, 468. 34 Complete by July 15, 1945, sounding survey of Chandler Cove inside disposal area, by hired labor------------------_ 540. 00 Complete by Dec. 31, 1945, dredging to remove shoals in the 30-foot anchorage and the 35-foot channel to the State pier, by contract ------------------------------------------- 140, 576. 46 The sum of $780,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1947 in dredging the 35-foot anchorage northwest of House Island as authorized in the 1945 river and harbor act. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945----- ---------------- $2, 520, 145.54 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945-- -------------------- 540, 950. 99 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945-------- 3, 061, 096. 53 Plus accounts receivable June 30, 1945---------------------- 217. 22 Gross total costs to June 30, 1945------------------3, 061, 313. 75 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1945 ----------------------- 241. 43 Net total expenditures--------------------------- 3, 061, 072. 32 Unexpended balance June 30, 1945------------------------- 144, 976. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945-----------3, 206, 048. 68 672607-46-3 30 REPORT OF CHIEF OF IJ4GINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 Fiscal year ending June 30 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Cost of new work-.__ -__ ______ $92, 563. 10 $149, 537. 67 $7, 480. 46 - Cost of maintenance - . . .. ___ ... .__________ 184. 38 2, 245. 83 1, 399. 26 $22, 137. 15 Total cost __ -____ ______________ 92, 747. 48 151, 783. 50 8, 879. 72 22, 137. 15 Total expended .------------------ ____________ 32, 229. 10 133, 888. 48 84, 238. 07 22, 167. 99 Allotted $92, 000 65, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 -- 113, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1944_____________________-____ $53, 644. 35 Amount allotted from War Department Civil Appropriation Act approved Mar. 31, 1945_ 113, 500. 00 Amount to be accounted for____________________--_ 167, 144. 35 Gross amount expended______________________ $22, 213. 82 Less reimbursements collected------------------- 45. 83 22, 167. 99 Balance unexpended June 30, 1945 ________________-__ 144, 976. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1945 _ 241. 43 Balance available June 30, 1945______________________ 144, 734. 93 Accounts receivable June 30, 1945--------------------------_ 217. 22 Unobligated balance available June 30, 1945--___ 144, 952. 15 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project________________________________ 867, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1947 for new workl__________________________ 780, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 6. JOSIAS RIVER, MAINE Location.-This is a small river running through Flat Pond to Perkins Cove, which is the harbor for Ogunquit, a village on the coast of Maine 30 miles southwest of Portland. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1205.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep and 40 feet wide in the Josias River from that depth in Perkins Cove to and including an anchorage basin of the same depth and about 3.2 acres in area in Flat Pond. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 8.7 feet and the spring range is 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1945 is $20,000 exclusive of $35,000 expended by local interests for work on the project. The latest (1945) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. No. 227, 76th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Local cooperation.-Local interests are required to furnish free of cost to the United States all lands, easements, and rights-of-way and spoil-disposal areas for the initial work and for subsequent maintenance as required; hold and save the United States free from claims for damages resulting from the improvement; make alterations to the existing footbridge across Josias River as may RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 31 be required by the Secretary of War; provide suitable landing facilities open to all on equal terms; and contribute one-half of the initial cost of the improvement, but not to exceed $32,000. Since the preparation of the project document, the residents of Ogunquit have spent $35,000 toward the accomplishment of the project and the River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, states "except that the useful work done on the project by local interests shall be accepted toward the fulfillment of the requirements of local cooperation." Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the existing project by the United States. The dredging has been practically completed by local interests, at a cost of $35,000. A small amount of dredging and the removal of 19 cubic yards of ledge remain to be done. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is proposed during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945_ Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945_______________________ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945________ Net total expenditures____________________________ Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project___________________________________ $20, 000 7. NEWBURYPORT HARBOR, MASS. Location.-Newburyport is on the south bank of Merrimack River, about 2.5 miles above the mouth and about 48 miles by water north of Boston. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 331.) Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties, each 15 feet wide on top at elevation 12 feet above mean low water, with slopes of 1 on 2 on the seaward face and 1 on 1 on the shore- ward face; one projecting from the north shore, 4,118 feet, the other from the south shore, 2,445 feet, converging until 1,000 feet apart, and then extending seaward parallel to the axis of the chan- nel for a distance of 1,000 feet; and for partially closing Plum Island Basin by a timber dike about 800 feet long and 5.5 feet above mean low water; the object being to create at the outer bar a permanent channel 1,000 feet wide and at least 17 feet deep at mean low water, to enable vessels of such draft as can proceed at high tide to the wharves at Newburyport to enter the river at mean low water; and a continuous channel from the sea to the wharves at Newburyport, 15 feet deep and 400 feet wide through the bar; thence 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to and including a widened turning basin in front of the wharves, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation; pending compliance with these conditions, the improvement to be in accordance with a plan to provide a channel 12 feet deep and 400 feet wide through the bar; thence 9 32 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 feet deep and 200 feet wide to and including a widened turning basin in front of the wharves. The mean range of tide is 7.9 feet at the bar and 7.8 feet at Newburyport. The extreme range is about 9.1 feet at the bar and 8.8 feet at Newburyport. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1945 is $532,000. The latest (1945) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $20,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Acts Work authorized Documents June 14, 1880 Construction of rubblestone jetties. June 25, 1910 Dredging the bar at entrance to harbor ____________ -_ Annual Report, 1910, p. 59. Mar. 2, 1945 Dredging channel from sea to wharves and a widened turn- H. Doc. No. 703, 76th Cong., ing basin. 3d sess.1 1 Contains latest published map. Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, provides that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States suitable spoil-disposal areas, properly bulkheaded, for new work and for subsequent maintenance, when and as re- quired; hold and save the United States free from claims for damages resulting from the improvement; and contribute one- third of the first cost, but not to exceed $34,000. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of 14 wharves extending along a frontage of about 3,500 feet of the south bank of the Merrimack River below the highway bridge, and 1 small pier on the north side of the river. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. For full description, see Port and Terminal Facilities at the Ports of Northern New England, 1941. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year. The existing project was about 86 percent completed, the remaining portion consisting of dredg- ing the channel from the sea to the wharves at Newburyport and a widened turning basin, the depths to be determined by the com- pliance of local interests with the conditions of local cooperation. The north jetty was completed in 1914; the south jetty was com- pleted, except for a length of about 30 feet at its outer end, in 1905. These jetties are in good condition and completion of the south jetty is not now considered necessary. Plum Island Basin was closed in 1883 by the construction of a timber dike. North Rock was removed in 1901. The latest survey (1941) over the bar at the mouth of the river showed a channel with a controlling depth of 14.6 feet at mean low water for a width of 300 feet. The bar consists of shifting sand, and conditions change rapidly and frequently. The costs and expenditures have been $754,279.25, of which $463,843.62 was for new work and $290,435.63 was for main- tenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 33 Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945____________________________ $463, 843. 62 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945________________________ 290, 435. 63 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945 ......... 754, 279. 25 Net total expenditures_________________ 754, 279. 25 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945__ 754, 279. 25 Fiscal year ending June 30 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Co st of n ew w ork ------------ --- .. ...---...----.-------.. ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. Cost of maintenance_ - - $17, 730. 55 $17, 218. 09 Total expended_ _ - 17, 730. 55 17, 218. 09 Allotted .19, 930. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------- $ 68, 000. 00 8. GLOUCESTER HARBOR AND ANNISQUAM RIVER, MASS. Location. Gloucester Harbor is situated at the southern ex- tremity of Cape Ann, about 23 miles northeast by water from Boston Harbor. Annisquam River is a narrow tidal waterway extending across the base of Cape Ann from Gloucester Harbor on the south side to Ipswich Bay on the north side, a distance of approximately 4 miles. A reach of this waterway, at the Glou- cester Harbor end, for a length of about 1,800 feet, is known as the Blynman Canal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 243.) Previous projects.-Projectsfor Gloucester Harbor were adopt- ed by River and Harbor Acts of June 10, 1872, August 5, 1886, and June 3, 1896. There were no previous projects for Annis- quam River. For further details see page 1740 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 41 of Annual Report for 1937. Existing project.-This provides: Gloucester Harbor. (a) For a rubblestone breakwater 2,250 feet long, surmounted by a superstructure of dry vralls of heavy split stone enclosing a core of rubblestone from Eastern Point over Dog Bar to Cat Ledge. (b) For the removal of three ledges in the inner harbor, 1 to 12 feet and 2 to 15 feet depth at mean low water, and five ledges in the outer harbor, 4 to 18 feet and 1 to 25 feet depth at mean low water, aggregating a total of 2,206 cubic yards, place measurement. (c) For removal to depth of 15 feet below mean low water of ledges and boulders obstructing the approach to the wharves be- tween Harbor Cove and Pews wharf, near the head of the inner harbor; dredging to the same depth the channel leading past the wharves and dredging Harbor Cove to the depth of 10 feet at mean low water. 34 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 Annisquam River.-For a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water 60 feet wide from Gloucester Harbor to the Boston & Maine Rail- road bridge, 100 feet wide from the railroad bridge to the mouth of the river, and 200 feet wide across the bar in Ipswich Bay, including the removal of a ledge near the Gloucester Harbor entrance; and for a dredged anchorage area about 17 acres in extent and 8 feet deep at the entrance of Lobster Cove. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tide in Gloucester Harbor is 8.9 feet; the extreme range is 12.6 feet. The mean range of tide in Annisquam River is 8.8 feet; the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, revised in 1945, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, are as follows: Glou- cester Harbor, $501,000; Annisquam River, $81,000. The latest (1945) approved estimates for annual cost of maintenance are as follows: Gloucester Harbor, $1,000; Annisquam River, $5,700. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Acts Work authorized Documents Aug. 11, 1888 Removal of ledges and boulders, and dredging, in Glouces- Annual Report, 1887, p. 503. ter Harbor. Aug. 18, 1894 Construction of breakwater at entrance to Gloucester Har- H. Ex. Doc. No. 56, 48th bor from Eastern Point to Round Rock Shoal. Cong., 2d sess., and An- nual Report, 1885, p. 534. June 13, 1902 Termination at Cat Ledge of breakwater authorized by act Annual Report, 1902, p. 89. of Aug. 18, 1894. June 25, 1910 Removal of 8 ledges in Gloucester Harbor__________________ H. Doc. No. 1112, 60th Cong.' 2d sess.1 Aug. 30, 1935 Dredging in Annisquam River and removal of a ledge in Rivers and Harbors Com- Gloucester Harbor near the entrance to Annisquamn mittee, Doc. No. 39, 72d 1 River. Cong., 1st sess. Mar. 2, 1945 Dredging 8-foot anchorage area in Lobster Cove, Annis- H. Doc. No. 329, 77th Cong., quam River. 1st sess.' 'Contains latest published map. Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945 provides that local interests contribute one-third of the initial cost of the improvement, but not to exceed $25,000, furnish free of cost to the United States all lands, easements, rights-of-way, and spoil-disposal areas necessary for the improvement and for sub- sequent maintenance, when and as required, and hold and save the United States free from claims for damages resulting from the improvement. Terminal facilities.-Thereare in Gloucester Harbor 61 wharves worthy of mention. The depth beside the wharves varies from 0 to 20 feet at mean low water. Except for 3 wharves, 2 owned by the city and the fish pier which is leased by the city from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, all are private and are not avail- able to the public. There are two commercial wharves on Annis- quam River, on the east bank. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce of the port. For full descrip- tion see Port and Terminal Facilities at the Ports of Northern New England, 1941. RIVERS AND HARBORS---BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 35 Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1936 except for dredging the anchorage area in Lobster Cove, in the Annisquam River. The removal of all ledges and boulders in Gloucester Harbor between Harbor Cove and Pews Wharf, and other obstructing rocks, was completed in 1896; the dredging of a channel in front of the wharves and in Harbor Cove was completed in 1894; and the removal of a pinnacle rock in the outer harbor in 1896. The breakwater which was completed in 1905 was repaired in 1940 and is in good condition. The removal of all ledges to project depth was completed in 1916. The im- provement of Annisquam River was completed in 1936 at a cost of $33,975.89. The controlling depths over the ledges in the outer harbor in 1916, were from 18 to 25 feet; over Ledge C in the inner harbor in 1931, 14.6 feet; and over Ledges A and B in the inner harbor in 1940, 13.6 and 15 feet, respectively. As ascertained by a survey after maintenance dredging in 1940, project dimensions in Annisquam River had been restored. The costs for Gloucester Harbor under the existing project have been $501,178.84 for new work and $52,447.80 for maintenance, a total of $553,626.64. The costs for Annisquam River have been $33,975.89 for new work and $55,702.36 for maintenance, a total of $89,678.25. The total costs and expenditures under the existing project have been $643,304.89, of which $535,154.73 was for new work and $108,150.16 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945__ $556, 154. 73 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945----------------------108, 150. 16 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945---------- 664, 304. 89 Net total expenditures ----------------------------------- 664, 304. 89 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945-----------------664, 304. 89 Fiscal year ending June 30 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 C ost of new w ork -- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- Cost of maintenance- ------------ $57, 679. 62 $201.85. Total expended._ 57, 679. 62 201.85 .... ... Allotted ...__----------- 19, 500. 00 -142. 55 .... . ... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------- ---------------- $46, 700. 00 9. MANCHESTER HARBOR, MASS. Location.-This harbor is located on the north shore of Massa- chusetts Bay, about midway between Beverly and Gloucester Harbors, and approximately 20 miles by water generally northeast of Boston. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Previous projects.-Adopted by the River and Harbor Acts of August 11, 1888, and March 3, 1899. Provided for a dredged channel 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean low water, extending from Proctor Point to the town wharves. For further details see page 51 of Annual Report for 1908. 36 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. 1945 Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep from that depth in Massachusetts Bay to Proctor Point, and dredged anchorage areas in the harbor between Proctor Point and the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, affording depths of 10, 8, and 6 feet, respectively. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 8.8 feet and the spring range is 10.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1945 is $207,300, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1945) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $2,250. The existing project was authorized by the River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. No. 447, 77th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, provides that local interests (a) submit a plan for approval by the Secretary of War for the ultimate development of a system of small-boat stalls providing space for not less than 100 boats to be available for use within 5 years after completion of the Federal improvement, these facilities to be constructed, operated, and maintained by local interests, and open to the public on equal terms. (b) Construct such facilities to provide space for not less than 50 boats within 1 year after completion of the Federal improve- ment, and hold and save the United States free from all claims for damages attributable to the work of improvement. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, between 1907 and 1937, improved Manchester Harbor to the extent of providing a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water from the bay to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, thence 6 feet to the wharves at the upper end of the harbor and anchorage areas on either side of the channel in the inner harbor with depths of 6 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $265,521.50, of which the town of Manchester contributed $103,000. Terminal facilities.-There are four privately-owned wharves, one of which is equipped to receive coal and building materials, three marine railways and four public landings in Manchester Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done and no costs have been incurred on the existing project. Conditions are as shown on the map published in the project document. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945______________________________ $23, 985. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945__________________________ Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945________ 23, 985. 57 Net total expenditures____________________________ 23, 985. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945 23, 985. 57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-....... _.._.._.._.207. 300. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 37 10. SALEM HARBOR, MASS. Location.-This harbor is located on the north shore of Massa- chusetts Bay, about 12 miles by water generally north of the en- trance to Boston Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 240 and 1207.) Previous projects.-Adopted by the River and Harbor Act of March 3, 1873, and extended by the River and Harbor Act of September 19, 1890. For further details see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep in South River, 300 feet wide at the 10-foot depth in the harbor, gradually narrowing to 200 feet at a point opposite the outer end of Derby Wharf, thence 150 feet wide to the bend at the outer end of Derby Wharf, thence 90 feet wide to the turn near the inner end of Derby Wharf and thence 50 feet wide to the upstream end of Pickering Wharf; for a branch channel on the east side of Derby Wharf, 8 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and about 700 feet long widening into a basin of the same depth, 500 feet long and 200 feet wide; and for a channel 25 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and about 1,500 feet long, including the removal to the same depth of a shoal near Abbot Rock Beacon. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9 feet and the extreme range is 12.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1945, is $91,000 exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1945) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $4,500. The existing project was authorized by the following River and Harbor Acts: March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. 303, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; July 3, 1930 (H. Doc. 112, 70th Cong., 1st sess.) ; March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. 701, 76th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, provides that no dredging shall be done within 50 feet of any wharf or structure, that local interests shall furnish assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that suitable landing facilities open to all on equal terms will be provided and maintained, and that they will hold and save the United States free from claims for damages that may result from the channel improvement. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has a developed waterfront of a little more than 1 mile. There are 10 wharves in this area, 1 of which is not in use. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. For further details see Port and Terminal Facilities at the Ports of Northern New England, 1941. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 51 percent completed, the remaining portion consisting of the ex- tension of the 10-foot channel in South River from the outer end of Derby Wharf, approximately 90 feet wide to the turn near Central Wharf, thence 50 feet wide to the upstream end of Pick- ering Wharf, and a branch channel on the east side of Derby Wharf 8 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and approximately 700 feet long, widening to a basin of the same depth 500 feet long and 200 feet 38 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 wide. In 1939, the controlling depths were 7.6 feet in the com- pleted 10-foot channel and 25 feet in the 25-foot channel. The costs under the existing project have been $55,587.91, of which $48,087.91 was for new work and $7,500 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945_____________________________ $100, 456. 57 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945_________________________ 7, 500. 00 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945----------- 107, 956. 57 Net total expenditures ________________________-_ __ 107, 956. 57 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945___________________ 107, 956. 57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project._________ _________________- - --- 43, 000. 00 11. MARBLEHEAD HARBOR, MASS. Location.-This harbor is on the Massachusetts coast about half- way between Cape Ann and Boston, 19 miles northeast of Boston Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 240.) Existing project.-This provides for the repair of the sea wall and an anchorage on the east side of the harbor, 13 acres in area, 20 feet deep, and an anchorage at the southwest end of the harbor, 16 acres in area, 9 feet deep. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.1 feet and the extreme range is 10.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1945, is $60,000, exclusive of $60,000 to be contributed by local interests. The latest (1945) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,250. The existing project was authorized by the River and Harbor Acts of March 3, 1899, and March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. No. 85, 77th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, provides that local interests shall contribute one-half of the initial cost of the project, but not to exceed $60,000, and agree to hold and save the United States free from all claims for damages that may result from the improvement. In 1918 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts dredged an area of about 2.3 acres to a depth of 6 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $11,166.16, of which $2,500 was contributed by local interests. Terminal facilities.-There are 26 landings and 4 wharves on the harbor, 1 of which is equipped with a small steam derrick for unloading coal. There are also 7 marine railways. Operations and results :during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The only work done on the existing project was the repair of the sea wall which was com- pleted in 1903 at a cost of $84. Conditions are as shown on the map published in the project document. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 39 Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945__ --------------------- Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945---------------------------- $584 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945_---------------- 584 Net total expenditures____ ________-_____________ 584 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945 _--------------------- 584 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------- -__ 60, 000 12. BOSTON HARBOR, MASS. Location.-This harbor includes all the expanse of tidewater lying within a line from Point Allerton to Point Shirley and ex- .tending from that line westward to the mainland. This comprises an area of about 47 square miles, exclusive of the islands. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 246 and 248.) Previous projects.-Adopted by the River and Harbor Acts of March 2, 1867, June 14, 1880, September 19, 1890, June 3, 1896, and July 25, 1912. For further details see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915, page 81 of Annual Report for 1917, and page 63 of Annual Report for 1938. Existing pro]ect.-This provides for the following: (a) A channel 40 feet deep in general, but 45 feet deep through rock, from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound, 2 miles, 900 feet wide except at the outer end where it is widened to 1,100 feet. (b) Deepening the main ship channel from President Roads past the United States Navy drydock No. 3 at South Boston to Commonwealth pier No. 1, East Boston, to 40 feet for a width of 600 feet with suitable widening at the bend in the channel. (c) Deepening the main ship channel to 40 feet for a varying width of 600 to 900 feet, from Commonwealth Pier No. 1 to a point 550 feet northerly of the site of Mystic Piers Nos. 46 and 47, Charlestown. (d) An anchorage area 2,000 feet wide, 5,500 feet long, and 40 feet deep, on the north side of President Roads. (e) Deepening to 40 feet that part of the approach channel to the United States Navy drydock No. 3 at South Boston between the main ship channel and the United States harbor line. (f) A channel 35 feet deep from the sea (along the same line as the 40-foot channel) through Broad Sound to the navy yard at Charlestown and the Chelsea North, Meridian Street, and Charles River Bridges, 1,500 feet wide from the sea to President Roads, 1.5 miles, and thence 1,200 feet wide for the remaining distance of 6 miles. (g) A channel 2 miles long, 30 feet deep, and 1,200 feet wide from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound by a less direct route than the 35- and 40-foot channels. (h) A channel 27 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide from Nantasket Roads to President Roads, 3 miles. (i) A channel 15 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and 550 feet long through the bar which extends from the north head of Long Island to Nixes Mate Shoal, known as "Nixes Mate" or "Nubble" channel. 40 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 (j) A channel in Chelsea River 30 feet deep and generally 200 feet wide, from the mouth of the river, at the head of the 35-foot channel in Boston Harbor, to a point opposite the Hartol Oil Co. terminal. (k) Improvement of Reserved Channel east of L Street Bridge by a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide. (1) The Fort Point Channel, 23 feet deep and 175 feet wide from its entrance in Boston Harbor, about four-fifths of a mile to near the Dorchester Avenue (old Federal Street) Bridge. (m) Sea walls of coursed stone and riprap protecting the most exposed headlands and islands. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9 feet at Boston Light and 9.6 feet in the upper harbor, in Chelsea River, and in Fort Point Channel. The extreme range is about 4 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1945, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects and of sea walls for which no estimate was given, is $16,297,000. The latest (1945) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $117,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Acts Work authorized Documents Mar. 2, 1825 Preservation of islands by sea walls Aug. 5, 1886 Fort Point Channel________ _ H. Ex. Doc. No. 206, 48th Cong., 2d sess. Annual Report, 1885, p. 543. Channel 15 feet deep from Long Island to Nixes Annual Report 1887 p. 517. Mate Shoal (Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel). July 13, 1892 Channel 27 feet deep from Nantasket Roads to Annual Report, 1893, p. 766. President Roads. Mar. 3, 1899 For 30-foot channel from the sea to President H. Doc. No. 133, 55th Cong., 2d sess. Roads through Broad Sound by less direct Annual Report, 1898, p. 886. route than the 35- and 40-foot channels. June 13, 1902 For 35-foot channel from the sea to navy yard at H. Doc. No. 119, 56th Cong., 2d sess. Charlestown. Annual Report, 1901, p. 1096. Elimination from the project of the removal of Authorized by Chief of Engineers Finns Ledge at the outer entrance. Mar. 11, 1913. 1 Aug. 8, 1917 Depth of 40 feet (45 feet in rock) in Broad Sound H. Doc. No. 931, 63d Cong., 2d sess. Channel. 1 Aug. 30, 1935 1 Present project dimensions of channel from Presi- H. Doc. No. 244, 72d Cong., 1st sess. dent Roads to Commonwealth pier No. 1, East Boston, and anchorage area north side of Presi- dent Roads. Do __-_ Present project dimensions of that part of ap- Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. 1 proach channel to U. S. Navy drydock No. 3, No. 29, 74th Cong., 1st sess. at South Boston between Main Ship Channel and United States harbor line. Aug. 26, 1937 Chelsea River Channel, 30 feet deep.._____________ Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. 1 No. 24, 75th Cong., 1st sess. Oct. 17, 1940 Reserved Channel, 30 feet deep ___ H. Doc. No. 225, 76th Cong., 1st sess.l Sept. 7, 1944 Abandons seaplane channel authorized in River Public Law 420, 78th Congress. and Harbor Act approved Oct. 17, 1940 (H. Doc. No. 362, 76th Cong., 1st sess.). Mar. 2, 1945 .. Extension of 40-foot channiel. -____--- - Report of Chief of Engineers, dated Apr. 28, 1943.1 x Contains latest published maps. See also Annual Report, 1911, p. 1178 (sea walls and Nixes Mate Channel) and Annual Report, 1903, p. 770 (Fort Point Channel), SAuthorized in part by Public Works Administration, Sept. 6, 1933. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 41 Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, provides that the dredging of the proposed channel extension shall not be undertaken until the Secretary of War is afforded satisfactory assurance that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts will, by the time the Federal improvement is completed, provide a depth of 40 feet at mean low water in the berths at the new pier which will be served by the proposed channel extension. To ac- quire the necessary property and to extend and modernize piers Nos. 46 and 47, the State legislature has, by act approved October 31, 1941 (ch. 714), authorized the issuance and sale of bonds in an amount not to exceed $4,700,000. This work is being held in abeyance until such time as labor and new material are available. All prior requirements have been fully complied with. Terminal facilities.-The wharf development of Boston Harbor lies westerly of Governors and Castle Islands. Bordering on the 35- and 40-foot channel and below all bridges there are about 4 miles of waterfront, fully developed with wharves of various types devoted to commercial purposes; and on the Charlestown shore is located the United States navy yard, with a frontage of about five-eighths of a mile. The Boston Airport has been established easterly of the wharf development on the East Boston front. There are numerous public and private wharves, piers, ferry slips, and drydocks. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For further details see Port and Terminal Facilities at the Port of Boston, Mass., 1941. Operations and. results during fiscal year.-Maintenance: A sounding survey of the 40-foot main ship channel from President Roads to Commonwealth Pier No. 1, by hired labor, was carried on at intervals during the fiscal year, at a cost of $17,508.71 for maintenance. A sounding survey of the inside disposal areas in Boston Harbor, by hired labor, was carried on at intervals during the fiscal year, at a cost of $5,377.77, for maintenance. Investigations of the deposit of silt near the main channels by hired labor, were initiated in May 1945 and continued throughout the fiscal year, at a cost of $21.19, for maintenance. The total costs during the fiscal year were $22,907.67 for main- tenance. The expenditures were $22,989.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 96 per- cent completed, the remaining portion consisting of dredging to 30 feet a small area in Chelsea River in the vicinity of a metro- politan district sewer siphon now under construction immediately below the Chelsea Street Bridge, and dredging the 40-foot main ship channel from its present point of terminus at Commonwealth Pier No. 1, East Boston, for a varying width of 600 to 900 feet, to a point 550 feet northerly of the site of Mystic Piers Nos. 46 and 47, Charlestown. Sea walls of a total length of about 3.75 miles have been built and maintained on Great Brewster, Lovells, Gallops, Long, Rainsford, Deer, and Georges Island, and on Point Allerton. The Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel was completed in 1892; the 30-foot channel in 1905; the 27-foot channel in 1907; Fort Point Channel in 1909; the 35-foot channel in 1915; the Broad 42 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 Sound 40-foot channel in 1930; the 40-foot anchorage in 1937; the 30-foot Chelsea River channel (except for the small area imme- diately below the Chelsea Street Bridge) in 1940; the 40-foot inner harbor channel in 1941; and the 30-foot Reserved Channel in 1941. The controlling depths at mean low water in the various im- proved channels of Boston Harbor at the dates they were last sur- veyed were: Nixes Mate Channel, 15 feet (1932) ; 35-foot channel, 35 feet (1934) ; 40-foot anchorage, 39 feet (1937) ; Broad Sound 40-foot channel, 40 feet (1939) ; 30-foot channel, 30 feet (1939) ; inner harbor 40-foot channel, 36.5 feet (1945) ; Reserved Channel, 30 feet (1941) ; Fort Point Channel, 19 feet (1941) ; and Chelsea River Channel, 30 feet from the mouth to a point about 170 feet downstream of the Chelsea Street Bridge, thence 24 feet to the downstream end of the Grand Junction Railroad bridge, thence 30 feet to a point abreast of the Hartol Oil Co. (1940), thence 8 feet to the bend just below the head of navigation (1936). The costs and expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1945, have been as follows: New Work Maintenance Total Expenditures Regular funds--.____ - - -__ -__ $13, 665, 774. 84 $1,469, 719. 92 $15, 135, 494. 76 $15, 135, 449. 04 Public Works funds- _----'--_ 1, 030, 806. 26 ------ - 1, 030, 806. 26 1, 030, 806. 26 Emergency Relief funds_ ___________ ._ 935, 303. 03 ---------------- 935, 303. 03 935, 303. 03 Total_ _ ___ _ -___________-15, 631, 884.13 1, 469, 719. 92 17, 101, 604. 05 17, 101, 558. 33 Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the end of the fiscal year, amounting to $64,416.36, will be applied as follows: Accounts payable June 30, 1945_______________________------------------------------- $45. 72 New work: Dredge to a depth of 30 feet in Chelsea River in the vicinity of a metropolitan district sewer siphon immediately below the Chelsea Street Bridge, by contract (April 1946) ____ 4, 710. 65 Maintenance: Dredge to depth of 40 feet isolated shoal areas in inner harbor 40-foot channel, by contract (September-October 1945) __-- 53, 208. 02 Complete by June 30, 1946, sounding survey of inside disposal areas in Boston Harbor, by hired labor___________________ 4, 073. 16 Complete by June 30, 1946, investigations of deposit of silt near main channels in Boston Harbor, by hired labor_ __ 2, 378. 81 No work is contemplated during the fiscal year 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945________________________ $17, 097, 007. 09 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945------------------ 1, 487, 599. 18 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945 ___- 18, 584, 606. 27 Minus accounts payable June 30, 1945______________________ 45. 72 Net total expenditures____________________________ 18, 584, 560. 55 Unexpended balance June 30, 1945________________________ 64, 416. 36 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945--------- 18, 648, 976. 91 RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT 43 Fiscal year ending June 30 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Cost of new work_ ______________ $481, 934. 58 $98, 304. 57 - $3, 281. 71 Cost of maintenance _ - - _.._ 6, 108. 91 511. 53 17, 838. 65 $3, 673. 50 $22, 907. 67 Total cost.. _____________ 488, 013. 49 98, 816. 10 14, 556. 94 3, 673. 50 22, 907. 67 Total expended----------------- 593, 850. 27 105, 110. 38 3, 523. 27 5, 969. 55 22, 989. 93 Allotted------------ -- 138, 415. 16 48, 500. 00 Balance unexpended July 1, 1944--------------------------87, 406. 35 Gross amount expended--------------------$23, 612.63 Less reimbursements collected_ -- _____ __ - 622. 64 22, 989. 99 Balance unexpended June 30, 1945------------------ 64, 416. 36 Outstanding liabilities June 30, 1945 $45. 72 ------------ Amount covered by uncompleted contracts -. _ 738. 28 784. 00 Balance available June 30, 1945 --------------------- 63, 632. 36 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project-------------------------------- 660, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 13. DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. Location.-DorchesterBay is situated at the mouth of Neponset River, in Boston Harbor. Neponset River rises in Foxboro, Mass., and flows in a northeasterly direction about 25 miles, emptying into Dorchester Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) #1 Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the Boston Harbor main ship channel to Com- mercial Point, thence 15 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the Nepon- set Highway Bridge. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet and the extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1945, is $417,000. The latest (1945) approved estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following River and Harbor Acts: The act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 83, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) provided for the 15-foot channel, and the act of March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. No. 394, 77th Cong., 1st sess.), provides for the 25-foot channel. The latest published map is in the last project document. Local cooperation.-The River and Harbor Act of March 2, 1945, provides that local interests shall (a) provide a berthing space alongside the existing oil terminal dock at Commercial Point at least 25 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending along the dock not less than 1,000 feet from the center of the proposed Federal channel, and an entrance to the berth 25 feet deep and of sufficient size to permit turning vessels 500 feet in length; (b) provide assurances satisfactory to the Secre- tary of War that the oil-storage capacity at Commercial Point will 44 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1945 be increased to at least 6,000,000 gallons within 1 year of the date of completion of the Federal project; (c) make available, without cost to the United States, suitable areas for the disposal of material dredged from the Federal channel; and (d) hold and save the United States free from all claims for damages resulting from the proposed improvement. All previous requirements have been fully complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves located on these waterways which are used for commercial purposes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 22 percent completed, the remaining portion consisting of dredg- ing a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the Boston Harbor main ship channel to Commercial Point. Conditions are as shown on the map published in the latest project document. The costs and expenditures under the existing project have been $128,176.44, of which $94,584.55 was for new work and $33,591.89 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no work is contemplated during the fiscal years 1946 and 1947. Cost and financial summary Cost of new work to June 30, 1945_ $94, 584. 55 Cost of maintenance to June 30, 1945________________________ 33, 591. 89 Total cost of permanent work to June 30, 1945 ----- 128, 176. 44 Net total expenditures ______________ ___________________ 128, 176. 44 Total amount appropriated to June 30, 1945____________________ 128, 176. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ___--_____ 322, 400. 00 14. WEYMOUTH FORE RIVER, MASS. Location.-Rises in Braintree, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 7.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay, Boston Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 246.) Previous projects.-Adopted by the River and Harbor Act of September 19, 1890, and extended by the River and Harbor Acts of March 3, 1905, February 27, 1911, and July 27, 1916. For fur- ther details see page 1745 of Annual Report for 1915, page 64 of Annual Report for 1932, and page 67 of Annual Report for 1938. Existing project.-This provicds for (a) a channel 27 feet deep with a general width of 300 feet from a point in Hingham Bay between Nut and Peddocks Islands to the Weymouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, about 3.0 miles; and (b) a channel in Nantasket Gut 27 feet deep and 400 feet wide, extending from deep water in Nantasket Roads to Hingham Bay, a distance of about 2,000 feet; thence through Hingham Bay 27 feet deep and 300 feet wide for a distance of about 1.4 miles to deep water in Weymouth Fore River west of Sheep Island; (c) extension of the 27-foot channel so as to include the present 27-foot State-improved channel through and above the Weymouth Fore River Bridge and to provide in this section a combined channel and maneuvering RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT basin of the same depth, with a length of about 2,500 feet and widths varying from 470 to 900 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The extreme range is 13.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1945 is $721,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1945) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Acts Work authorized Documents Aug. 30, 1935 27-foot channel from Hin h m Bay (between Nut and IT. Doc. No. 207, 72d Cong., Peddocks Islands) to Weymouth Fore River Bridge. 1st sess. Oct. 17, 1940 27-foot channel through Nantasket Gut and Hingham Bay H. Doc. No. 568, 76th Cong., 1 to deep water in Weymouth Fore River west of Sheep 3d sess. Island. Mar. 2, 1945 27-foot channel through and above Weymouth Fore River H. Doc. No. 291, 77th Cong., Bridge, and maneuvering basin. 1st sess.t 1 Contains latest published map. Local cooperation.-Fullycomplied with. Terminal facilities.-At the head of the Federal improvement at Weymouth Fore River bridge there is, on the westerly side below the bridge, one wharf of masonry and concrete with pile platform extension having aggregate dockage of 600 feet and depth in the berth of 30 feet at mean low water. On the easterly side there is a wharf about 600 feet in length, in front of which the owners have dredged to 28 feet at mean low water. A large electric power plant is located at this point. Above Weymouth Fore River bridge and served by the Common- wealth of Massachusetts improvements are eight wharves in use for water-borne freight. There is also a terminal, with a depth of 32 feet, used for the receipt of petroleum. In this area is the Fore River plant of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, with depths up to 38 feet, used for the building and equipping of large naval and commercial vessels. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Operations and results